Talking about cholesterol often causes concern. Many people receive their lab results and, when they see a number outside the reference range, immediately think of a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The reality is a bit more complex: understanding the myths and truths about cholesterol helps to better interpret the numbers and make informed decisions for your cardiovascular health.

What is cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a fatty substance essential for the body. It is part of cell membranes, participates in hormone production, and is involved in vital processes. A lipid profile mainly evaluates:

• LDL cholesterol (“bad”): in excess, it can build up in the arteries and increase cardiovascular risk.
• HDL cholesterol (“good”): helps remove excess cholesterol, acting as a protector.
• Triglycerides: another type of blood fat; high levels also increase risk.

The goal is not to “eliminate cholesterol” but to maintain a healthy balance among LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.

Common myths about cholesterol

Myth 1: “All cholesterol is bad”

False. Cholesterol has vital functions. The problem is not its presence, but the imbalance among fractions (high LDL, low HDL) and elevated triglycerides.

Myth 2: “Eating eggs dangerously raises cholesterol”

It is now known that dietary cholesterol has little direct influence on blood cholesterol in most people. Ultra-processed foods, trans fats, and excess sugars have a greater impact.

Myth 3: “The total cholesterol number says it all”

Total cholesterol provides a general overview, but it is not enough to estimate cardiovascular risk. Two people with the same total may have very different profiles depending on their HDL and triglycerides.

Truths backed by science

• HDL protects: higher values of “good cholesterol” are associated with lower risk.
• Elevated triglycerides matter: they are a relevant risk factor worth controlling.
• Triglycerides/HDL ratio: this ratio is a useful predictor; generally, values below 1.8 are considered favorable.
• Clinical context matters: age, habits, family history, and other conditions should accompany the interpretation of results.

How to interpret your cholesterol test results

When you receive your lipid profile from a clinical lab, review these points (ranges may vary depending on guidelines and medical context):

1. Triglycerides: ideally < 150 mg/dL. Lower values (< 100 mg/dL) suggest a better metabolic profile.
2. HDL cholesterol: generally, > 40 mg/dL in men and > 50 mg/dL in women. The higher, the more protective.
3. LDL cholesterol: keep it < 130 mg/dL. If there are risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, family history), the target may be < 100 mg/dL or even < 70 mg/dL as advised by a physician.
4. Triglycerides/HDL ratio: a value < 1.8 is usually associated with lower risk.
5. Total cholesterol: useful as a reference, but always together with the points above.

Important tip: avoid interpreting results in isolation. Discuss them with your doctor or a lab specialist to obtain a comprehensive assessment and personalized recommendations. If you would like help, contact a specialist through the following link Dr. Miguel Morales.

How to protect your heart: practical recommendations

• Balanced diet: prioritize fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish, olive oil, and nuts. Reduce added sugars, refined flours, and ultra-processed foods.
• Regular physical activity: at least 150 minutes/week of moderate exercise supports a healthy lipid profile.
• Avoid smoking and moderate alcohol: both affect cardiovascular health.
• Maintain healthy weight and waist circumference: they are linked to high triglycerides and insulin resistance.
• Regular check-ups: repeating the lipid profile as medically indicated allows timely monitoring and adjustments.

Cholesterol is not your enemy, but it should not be ignored either. Distinguishing myths and truths will allow you to better interpret your cholesterol results and adopt habits that protect your heart. At Laboratorio Clínico La Trigaleña we have the experience, technology, and a committed team to provide reliable cholesterol tests and guide you every step of the way. Schedule your lipid profile and take the first step today toward a healthier life.